Coconut Vowels is a language arts game that provides practice in spelling. Coconuts with partial words fall to the beach. The student must match missing letters to the correct word coconut. Feb 4, 2012 - Vowel and Consonant tree for the classroom- would go great with chicka chicka boom boom. Home Learning; Contact Information; Reading Links. Lexia Resources; Online Reading Games; SIPPS Plus 1-8; SIPPS Plus 9-15; SIPPS Plus 16-30; Math Facts Links and Games.
Tobian | |
---|---|
Ramarih Hatohobei | |
Native to | Palau |
Region | Hatohobei, Koror, Sonsorol |
150 (2017)[1] | |
Austronesian
| |
Latin script[1] | |
Official status | |
Official language in | Palau |
Language codes | |
ISO 639-3 | tox |
Glottolog | tobi1238 |
Coordinates: 3°00′N131°10′E / 3.00°N 131.17°E |
Pidgin Tobi | |
---|---|
None | |
Language codes | |
ISO 639-3 | None (mis ) |
Glottolog | hora1238 |
Tobian (ramarih Hatohobei, literally 'the language of Tobi') is the language of Tobi, one of the Southwest Islands of Palau, and the main island of Hatohobei state. Tobian is a Micronesian language spoken by approximately 150 people. The speakers are located in either the island of Tobi or in Echang, a hamlet of Koror, the former capital of Palau. Tobian and Sonsorolese are very close, and appear to be gradually merging towards a new dialect called 'Echangese'.[2][3] Earlier in the 20th century, about 1000 people lived on the island. Shortly before and during the First World War, those numbers dropped severely due to an abundance of disease.
Classification[edit]
Tobian and the dialects of Sonsorol, Merir, and Pulo Ana, the other inhabited Southwest Islands, are closely related to the languages spoken in the Federated States of Micronesia outer islands of Yap and Truk Lagoon. These include Ulithi and the Central Carolines. Altogether, these languages form a sub-group within the Micronesian languages. The names of these dialects are the terms that are commonly used in European terms. Below are the native names as compared to the common names:
Common Name | Native Name |
---|---|
Sonsorol | Doŋo′sa:ru |
Pul, Pulo Ana | Pu:r |
Merir | Me′lel |
Tobi | Torovei |
Tobi is the basis of a local pidgin.[4]
Examples[edit]
- animal = mar
- coconut palm = ruh
- goodbye = sabuho
- language = ramarih
- soldierfish = red
Counting[edit]
- one = sewo
- two = huwou
- three = soruo
- four = fauwo
This is only base counting. There are different numerals for a lot of different objects.[5]
Phonology[edit]
Vowels[edit]
Front | Central | Back | |
---|---|---|---|
High close open | i | ɨ ʉ | u u̯ |
Mid close open | e e̯ | ø œ | o o̯ |
Low close open | ã a |
'œ' is used rarely and sounds similar to the French 'eu' but the lips do not round out at the end of the sound and has critical meaning in words. There is a central low vowel that sounds like the 'u' in 'but', but it does not have semantic value and it has very rare occurrence.[3]
Diphthongs[edit]
There are a lot of diphthongs in Tobian and according to Capell, 'several of them are difficult for Europeans'.[3]
äe as in mäe: breadfruit
äi fäivi: woman
Coconut Vowel Teams
aḛ wa′ŋaḛt: then
ai maik: swordfish
a:i ms:il, forehead decoration
ao̯ wao̯: top
au jau: needle, sauruai: my friend
a:u sa:u: piece
ei lei: agent of action
oʉ woʉ: rather of house
øi røi: coconut oil
øʉ Pannøʉ: Palau
Homonyms and Near Homonyms[edit]
Like most other languages, Tobian has examples of homonyms but they are not as abundant. Meanings can vary solely on vowel length. Also small differences in sounds can produce major differences in meanings. [3] For example, the difference between voiceless (f) and voiced (v) consonants are important but there are many exceptions where it does not affect the meaning.
ŋøŋa 1. to chew betelnut 2. a stick used in weaving
ʉl 1. a lobster 2. to pull, drag
taitai 1. to excel, precede 2. to shave
Differences In Sounds[edit]
mäk: tatooing as compared with ma: kind of garnish
′pannʉ: coconut leaf Pannøʉ: Palau
i′te: my name i′tøʉ?: who?
teiføʉ: thirsty taivøʉ: new
Welcome to the Sanctuary. After more than a decade of being an RPG enthusiast, I've created my share of documents, and figured this would be a fine place to put them on display, as I'm rather proud of them! Ars Mysteriorum's RPG Sanctuary. Home; AFMBE Revised; CoC 6E; Corporation; Wayfarers. Dragon Warriors. I have yet to play Dragon Warriors, a point which pains me to think about. This seems to be a game for people who want depth in the less tangible parts of a roleplaying game. There's a certain feel to this game that cannot be put into fluff. Wayfarersars mysteriorum's rpg sanctuary dlc.
ŋøs: tired ŋo̯s: glans penis
Accents Of Words And Sentences[edit]
This is only base counting. There are different numerals for a lot of different objects.[5]
Phonology[edit]
Vowels[edit]
Table of Vowel Sounds[3]Front | Central | Back | |
---|---|---|---|
High close open | i | ɨ ʉ | u u̯ |
Mid close open | e e̯ | ø œ | o o̯ |
Low close open | ã a |
'œ' is used rarely and sounds similar to the French 'eu' but the lips do not round out at the end of the sound and has critical meaning in words. There is a central low vowel that sounds like the 'u' in 'but', but it does not have semantic value and it has very rare occurrence.[3]
Diphthongs[edit]
There are a lot of diphthongs in Tobian and according to Capell, 'several of them are difficult for Europeans'.[3]
äe as in mäe: breadfruit
äi fäivi: woman
Coconut Vowel Teams
aḛ wa′ŋaḛt: then
ai maik: swordfish
a:i ms:il, forehead decoration
ao̯ wao̯: top
au jau: needle, sauruai: my friend
a:u sa:u: piece
ei lei: agent of action
oʉ woʉ: rather of house
øi røi: coconut oil
øʉ Pannøʉ: Palau
Homonyms and Near Homonyms[edit]
Like most other languages, Tobian has examples of homonyms but they are not as abundant. Meanings can vary solely on vowel length. Also small differences in sounds can produce major differences in meanings. [3] For example, the difference between voiceless (f) and voiced (v) consonants are important but there are many exceptions where it does not affect the meaning.
ŋøŋa 1. to chew betelnut 2. a stick used in weaving
ʉl 1. a lobster 2. to pull, drag
taitai 1. to excel, precede 2. to shave
Differences In Sounds[edit]
mäk: tatooing as compared with ma: kind of garnish
′pannʉ: coconut leaf Pannøʉ: Palau
i′te: my name i′tøʉ?: who?
teiføʉ: thirsty taivøʉ: new
Welcome to the Sanctuary. After more than a decade of being an RPG enthusiast, I've created my share of documents, and figured this would be a fine place to put them on display, as I'm rather proud of them! Ars Mysteriorum's RPG Sanctuary. Home; AFMBE Revised; CoC 6E; Corporation; Wayfarers. Dragon Warriors. I have yet to play Dragon Warriors, a point which pains me to think about. This seems to be a game for people who want depth in the less tangible parts of a roleplaying game. There's a certain feel to this game that cannot be put into fluff. Wayfarersars mysteriorum's rpg sanctuary dlc.
ŋøs: tired ŋo̯s: glans penis
Accents Of Words And Sentences[edit]
Tobian utilizes both stress and pitch accents or tones. Compared to the other dialects, it uses less musical tone. It is not a tonal language because the tone does not change the meaning of the word. Although it is not tonal, the speech has a wide variety of tone variations that appear to be emotional rather than linguistic and either show emphasis or other semantic components. Stress accents are used but not as much as English or Russian. In the past, the stress marks would normally be placed on the last syllable of the words. In the present, the stress marks can be placed either on the last syllable or the second to last syllable.
- Accent on the Penultimate (Second to last)
- Accent on the Final Syllable
- Accent on the Antepenultimate (Third to last)
- Sentence Stress
- Vowel Harmony
- Vowel Length
- Furtive Vowels (Slightly heard or silent vowels)
Consonants[edit]
Table of Consonant SoundsLabial | Labio-dental | dental-aleveolar | palatal | volar |
---|---|---|---|---|
Plosives | p, b | t, d | c | k, g |
Nasals | m | n | ŋ | |
Fricatives | f, v | s (z), o (ɵ) | j | x, y |
Lateral | (l) | (ɫ) | ||
Rolled | r | |||
Continuants | w | (w) |
References[edit]
- ^ abSimons, Gary F; Fennig, Charles D, eds. (2018). Ethnologue: Languages of the World (21st ed.). Dallas, Texas: SIL International.
- ^White & Kirkpatrick, Geoffrey & John (1985). Person, Self, and Experience: Exploring Pacific Ethnopsychologies. Berkeley & Los Angeles, California: The Regents of the University of California. p. 266. ISBN0-520-05280-3.
- ^ abcdeCAPELL, ARTHUR (1951). Grammar & Vocabulary of the Language of Sonsorol - Tobi. Washington: Washington Pacific Science Office, National Research Council.
- ^Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). 'Horace Holden's Pidgin Tobi'. Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
- ^Base Counting Words by Isauro Andrew [1] Isauro Andrew
External links[edit]
Coconuts Game
Tobian language test of Wikipedia at Wikimedia Incubator |
- Open access recordings of Hatohobei word lists, paradigms and narratives are available through Kaipuleohone